18.6 Cast Link Chains – John King Irons and Steels
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It is in the manufacture of cast link chains that John King has its origins. The Company therefore have unrivalled experience if the production of castings in irons and steels for employment in conveyor chains. A significant benefit can be gained in a one piece construction obviating the need for press fits or welds. In addition there is almost limitless flexibility in the materials employed to achieve exactly the properties the customer is seeking whether this is in corrosion resistance, heat resistance, abrasion resistance or a combination of the three.
IRONS – For conventional links in iron, spheroidal graphite has replaced the white heart malleable originally employed and from this ductile material a greater range of mechanical properties can be accessed.
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Table 18.6.1 Standard Grades of Ductile Iron |
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|
European Material Designation |
American Material Designation |
Tensile Strength |
Proof Stress |
Elongation |
|
N/mm² |
N/mm² |
% |
||
|
ISO 1083/JS/350-22/S |
– |
350 (-) |
220 (-) |
22 (-) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/400-18/S |
(ANSI/ASTM 60-40-18) |
400 (414) |
250 (276) |
18 (18) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/400-15/S |
(ANSI/ASTM 65-45-12) |
400 (448) |
250 (310) |
15 (12) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/450-10/S |
(ANSI/ASTM 60-42-10) |
450 (415) |
310 (290) |
10 (10) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/500-7/S |
(ANSI/ASTM 80-55-06) |
500 (552) |
320 (379) |
7 (6) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/550-5/S |
(ANSI/ASTM 70-50-05) |
550 (485) |
350 (345) |
5 (5) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/600-3/S |
(ANSI/ASTM 100-70-03) |
600 (689) |
370 (483) |
3 (3) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/700-2/S |
– |
700 (-) |
420 (-) |
2 (-) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/800-2/S |
(ANSI/ASTM 120-90-02) |
800 (827) |
480 (621) |
2 (2) |
|
ISO 1083/JS/900-2/S |
– |
900 (-) |
600 (-) |
2 (-) |
Significant advantage has been gained in the employment of Austempered Ductile iron a fully pearlitic material that through an austempering heat treatment process offers mechanical properties similar to alloy steels with a reduced weight typical of iron. This enhancement through a cyanide quench operation also introduces a work hardening characteristic. Through experience the company have settled on two grades most appropriate to the product and are identified under King HT1 and HT2.
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Table 18.6.2 Austempered Ductile Iron |
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|
ADI Material Designation |
JK Designation |
Tensile Strength |
Proof Stress |
Elongation |
Hardness Brinell |
|
N/mm² |
N/mm² |
% |
BHN (B.I.D. Mm) |
||
|
750-500-11 GRADE 1/2 |
– |
786 |
151 |
14 |
270 (3.70) |
|
900-650-9 GRADE 1 |
– |
966 |
759 |
11 |
302 (3.50) |
|
1050-750-7 GRADE 2 |
HT1 |
1139 |
897 |
10 |
340 (3.30) |
|
1200-850-4 GRADE 3 |
HT2 |
1311 |
1104 |
7 |
387 (3.10) |
|
1400-1100-2 GRADE 4 |
– |
1518 |
1242 |
5 |
418 (3.00) |
|
1600-1300-1 GRADE 5 |
– |
1656 |
1449 |
3 |
460 (2.85) |
CAST STEELS – There is a wealth of material options within the family of cast steels which allow the Engineer to select an appropriate material for the application. For chain links John King have established a range of materials which from experience will allow for best option in most applications whether this be 420 high chrome steel for heat and abrasion in such as a moving grate or High manganese steel which work hardens the more punishment it is given and through this unique quality has become predominant within cement clinker transport.
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Table 18.6.3 John King Cast Steels |
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|
|
British Standard Material Designation |
American Material Designation |
JOHN KING Designation |
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (figs are % maxima except where noted or where range is shown) |
Tensile Strength |
Proof Stress |
CHARPY (impact value at 20°C unless otherwise shown) |
Brinell Hardness |
Elongation |
||||||||
|
C |
Si |
Mn |
S |
P |
Ni |
Cr |
Mo |
Cu |
|||||||||
|
% |
N/mm² (T/in²) |
Joules |
|
% |
|||||||||||||
|
CARBON STEEL |
A1 |
A216:WCA |
JK/A1 |
0,25 |
0,60 |
0,90 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
0,40 |
0,25 |
0,15 |
0,30 |
430 (28) |
230 (15) |
25 |
– |
22 |
|
|
A2 |
A216:WCB |
JK/A2 |
0,35 |
0,60 |
1,00 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
490 (32) |
260 (17) |
20 |
– |
18 |
|
|
A3 |
A148:80-40 |
JK/A3 |
0,45 |
0,60 |
1,00 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
540 (35) |
295 (19) |
18 |
– |
14 |
|
Carbon Steel for case hardening |
AW1 |
SAE J435C :0022 |
JK/CH |
0.10-0.18 |
0,60 |
0.60-1.00 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
0,40 |
0,25 |
0,15 |
0,30 |
460 (30) |
– |
25 |
– |
12 |
|
Carbon steel for wear resistance and surface hardening |
AW2 |
SAE J435C: 0050A |
JK/WR1 |
0.40-0.50 |
0,60 |
1,00 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
0,40 |
0,25 |
0,15 |
0,30 |
620 (40) |
325 (21) |
– |
– |
12 |
|
AW3 |
|
JK/WR2 |
0.50-0.60 |
0,60 |
1,00 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
0,40 |
0,25 |
0,15 |
0,30 |
690 (45) |
370 (24) |
– |
– |
8 |
|
|
LOW ALLOY STEELS |
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|
Carbon molybdenum steel for elevated temps. |
B1 |
A217:WC1 |
JK/B1 |
0,20 |
0.20-0.60 |
0.50-1.00 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
0,04 |
0,25 |
0.45-0.65 |
0,30 |
460 (30) |
260 (17) |
20 |
– |
18 |
|
Chronuim molybdenum steel for elevated temps |
B2 |
A217:WC6 |
JK/B2 |
0,20 |
0,60 |
0.50-0.80 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
0,04 |
1.00-1.50 |
0.45-0.65 |
0,30 |
480 (31) |
280 (18) |
30 |
140-212 |
17 |
|
|
B3 |
A217:WC9 |
JK/B3 |
0,18 |
0,60 |
0.40-0.70 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
0,04 |
2.00-2.75 |
0.90-1.20 |
0,30 |
540 (35) |
325 (21) |
25 |
156-235 |
17 |
|
|
B4 |
|
JK/B4 |
0,25 |
0,75 |
0.30-0.70 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
2.50-3.50 |
0.35-0.60 |
0,30 |
620 (40) |
370 (24) |
25 |
179-255 |
13 |
|
|
B5 |
A217:C5 |
JK/B5 |
0,20 |
0,75 |
0.40-0.70 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
4.0-6.0 |
0.45-0.65 |
0,30 |
620 (40) |
420 (27) |
25 |
179-255 |
13 |
|
|
B6 |
A217:C12 |
JK/B6 |
0,20 |
1,00 |
0.30-0.70 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
8.0-10.0 |
0.90-1.20 |
0,30 |
620 (40) |
420 (27) |
– |
179-255 |
13 |
|
Alloy steel with high tensile strength |
BT1 |
A148:105-85 |
JK/BT1 |
– |
– |
– |
0,05 |
0,05 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
690-850 (45-55) |
495 (32) |
35 |
201-255 |
11 |
|
|
BT2 |
A148:120-95 |
JK/BT2 |
– |
– |
– |
0,04 |
0,04 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
850-1000 (55-65) |
585 (38) |
25 |
248-302 |
8 |
|
|
BT3 |
A148:150-125 |
JK/BT3 |
– |
– |
– |
0,03 |
0,03 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
1000-1160 (65-75) |
695 (45) |
20 |
293-341 |
6 |
|
Alloy steel for case hardening |
BW1 |
|
JK/BW1 |
0.12-0.18 |
0,60 |
0.30-0.60 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
3.0-3.75 |
0.60-1.10 |
0.15-0.25 |
0,30 |
1000 (65) |
– |
20 |
– |
7 |
|
1% chronium steel for resistance to abrasion |
BW2 |
|
JK/BW2 |
0.45-0.55 |
0,75 |
0.50-1.00 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
– |
0.80-1.20 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
201-255 |
– |
|
|
BW3 |
|
JK/BW3 |
0.45-0.55 |
0,75 |
0.50-1.00 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
– |
0.80-1.20 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
293 min |
– |
|
|
BW4 |
|
JK/BW4 |
0.55-0.65 |
0,75 |
0.50-1.00 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
– |
0.80-1.50 |
0.20-0.40 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
341 min |
1 |
|
HIGH ALLOY STEELS |
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|
13% chromuim steel |
410C21 |
A743:CA-15 |
JK/HA1 |
0,15 |
1,00 |
1,00 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
1,00 |
11.5-13.5 |
– |
– |
540 (35) |
370 (24) |
– |
152-207 |
15 |
|
|
420C29 |
A743:CA-15 |
JK/HA2 |
0,20 |
1,00 |
1,00 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
1,00 |
11.5-13.5 |
– |
– |
690 (45) |
465 (30) |
– |
201-255 |
11 |
|
13% chromium 4% nickel steel |
425C11 |
A743:CA-6NM |
JK/HA3 |
0,10 |
1,00 |
1,00 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
3.4-4.2 |
11.5-13.5 |
0,60 |
– |
770 (50) |
620 (40) |
30 |
235-321 |
12 |
|
Chromuim steel for high temps |
452C11 |
A297:HC |
JK/H1 |
1,00 |
2,00 |
1,00 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
4,00 |
25.0-30.0 |
1,50 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
|
452C12 |
|
JK/H2 |
1.00-2.00 |
2,00 |
1,00 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
4,00 |
25.0-30.0 |
1,50 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
|
420C24 |
|
JK/H3 |
0,25 |
2,00 |
1,00 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
– |
12.0-16.0 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Alloy steel for high temps |
309C35 |
A297:HH |
JK/HH |
0.20-0.50 |
1,50 |
2,00 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
11.0-14.0 |
24.0-28.0 |
1,50 |
– |
510 (33) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
|
310C40 |
A351:HK40 |
JK/HK |
0.30-0.50 |
1,50 |
2,00 |
0,04 |
0,04 |
19.0-22.0 |
24.0-27.0 |
1,50 |
– |
450 (29) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
WEAR RESISTANT STEELS |
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|
11-14% austenitic manganese steel + derivatives |
BW10 |
A128:GrA |
JK/MN |
1.00-1.25 |
1,00 |
11.00 min |
0,06 |
0,07 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
